Masculinity Masculinity And Femininity - 1083 Words

â€Å"[Masculinity/ femininity] refers to the extent to which a culture values aggressiveness, competitiveness, looking out for yourself, and dominating others and nature versus gentleness, cooperation, and taking care of others and living in harmony with the natural world.† (Wood) Toula is pressured to marry a nice greek man, while her brother is expected to marry a greek virgin but does not receive the same pressure. Gus also has some expectations of Nick to partake in masculine activities unlike Toula where he is accepting of Toula wanting to take â€Å"pottery classes.† Evidence of this is when Nick is trying to show Gus his drawings for the menu and Gus completely disregards his efforts, always responding with, â€Å"Where did you get this?† And when Nick says that he drew it, Gus responds with a grunt. â€Å"Long term/ short term orientation refers to the extent to which members of a culture think about long term (history and future) vs short term (presen t).† (Wood) â€Å"Individualistic cultures generally rely on low-context communication style, which is direct, explicit, and detailed.† (Wood) â€Å"Collectivist cultures typically rely on a high-context communication style, which is indirect and indetailed and which conveys meaning more implicitly than explicitly.† (Wood) Gus is very oriented around the future and therefore follows along with the principles of long term orientation. Even before his children have grown old enough to date, they are already taught that Greek women are to grow upShow MoreRelatedFemininity, Masculinity, And Masculinity861 Words   |  4 PagesWomanhood is often associated with femininity while manhood with masculinity. Masculinity is the idea that men are tough both physically and mentally. Femininity, a term associated with being women is used to describe a women’s comportment and attitude. A gentle individual male or female, who wears dresses, skirts, high heels, makeup, an d has long hair would be identified as feminine. Unfortunately, society judges and criticizes a women who do not depict feminine characteristics. Such women are regardedRead Morefemininity and masculinity as single identities’1059 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿We have been asked to look at the following question ‘It is no longer possible in contemporary society to interpret femininity and masculinity as single identities’. Explain and critically assess this view illustrating your answers with reference to sociological theory, concepts and research. From the minute we are born our gender identity begins even thou we are not conscious of it. We are allocated roles, like buying pink clothes, dolls, and teapots for girls, and blue clothes, monsters, andRead MoreGender Bending : Femininity And Masculinity928 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Bending Womanhood is often associated with femininity while manhood with masculinity. Masculinity is the idea that men are tough both physically and mentally. Femininity, a term associated with being a women and used to describe a women’s comportment and attitude. A gentle individual, male or female, who wear dresses, skirts, high heels, makeup, have long hair is considered feminine. Unfortunately this term is used to define womanhood, if a womenRead MoreThe Reality Between Femininity And Masculinity Essay1910 Words   |  8 Pagesbetween the relationship of femininity and masculinity. This comes from recognition of gender as a social construct, and that there is an apparent difference in the expectation of how women should behave and present themselves. The focus is therefore on the construction of femininity, why is it that only women wear makeup and portray an artificial version of themselves? Consequently, masculinity, in itself, is considered true, natural and authent ic. Therefore how is femininity constructed and understoodRead MoreGender Stereotypes : Masculinity And Femininity1195 Words   |  5 Pagesthey makes assumptions of what male and female roles should be. It teaches kids early on that this is how you should act if you fall into a certain gender role. These films reinforce our cultural definition of how we as a society defines masculinity and femininity. It is not necessarily a right thing. But the idea of what a male and female characteristics should have and how they should act is so tightly bound to our western views that it is hard to not have stereotyped gender roles. It is an awfulRead MoreImages and Ideas of Femininity and Masculinity992 Words   |  4 PagesEngelska A, Professional English Cultural Studies IMAGES AND IDEAS OF FEMININITY AND MASCULINITY JOHANNA LINDBERG (861222-0148) Berit Ã…strà ¶m Spring 2010-03-14 Department of Language Studies Umeà ¥ University In this paper I will present an analysis of two fitness magazines, Self and Men’s Fitness. Having read a lot of fitness magazines myself, I am used to the way women’s magazinesRead MoreRelationship Between Masculinity And Femininity1177 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to make the team and play soccer. She does this in order to prove that â€Å"she’s the man† and to demonstrate to the men’s coach that girls can play just as good as boys. This romantic comedy is noted for its contrasting elements between masculinity and femininity. I will be focusing primarily on how the feministic features are different from today’s patriarchal films. The features include: a strong female main character, her reversed gender role, the female gaze, the film’s female screen writersRead MoreThe Roles of Masculinity and Femininity in Macbeth Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesprominent and permeating theme in Macbeth is the roles and characteristics of masculi nity and femininity. Throughout the play Shakespeare presents the audience with strong and sometimes conflicting views of these gender roles. What exactly defines being a man or a woman? How does an individual’s grasp of these roles effect their actions? Shakespeare shows that a clear and accurate understanding of the concept of masculinity is of critical importance in the success of a ruler. In particular, he illustratesRead MoreMasculinity And Femininity : Sophocles Play Antigone 1240 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay will focus on the messages about masculinity and femininity from Sophocles’ play Antigone. For class we watched the Greek film version of the play from 1961 which is in Greek but it has English Subtitles. The essay will use both male and female characters from Antigone to show examples of masculinity and femininity. There are characters that are either positive or negative, characters that serve as role models, or characters who show what not to b e like. First I will write about the positiveRead MoreDefining Masculinity And Femininity Through Advertisements841 Words   |  4 PagesToday the media has a way of defining masculinity and femininity through advertisements. Different advertisements have different ways of defining masculinity and femininity. In an Emporio Armani Diamonds Fragrance advertisement, it advertises vivid visual elements to convey the idea that masculinity means being, desirable, handsome, over-confident, powerful and extremely wealthy. The definition of the Emporio Diamond add is achieved through the uses of stunning models, facial expressions, body language

Evidence Of The Changing Roles Of Women In Women And Women

evidence of the changing roles of female involvement within terrorist organisations along with increasing numbers of female Islamic terrorists (Bakkers de Leede, 2015; Lavina, 2015). Terrorist organisations traditionally maintained gendered specific roles and women predominantly provided a support type role (Bakker de Leede, 2015). This was in the form of bearing children or recruiters (Bloom, 2011). This has been evolving with instances of women actively engaging in violent Islamic terrorism (Bloom, 2011). High-profile cases of home-grown radicalisation of females of a British background like that of ‘Samantha Lewthwaite’ and Sally Jones’ could be examples of a new breed of female terrorist (Bakkers de Leede, 2015; Berkowitz †¦show more content†¦It is hoped that an updated and more comprehensive analysis of female radicalisation and their involvement within Islamic terrorist organisations will lead to a greater understanding of female radicalisation and extremism and subsequently the development of more effective measures to combat this phenomenon in the form of more gender specific counter-terrorism strategies (Saltman Smith, 20 15; Musial, 2017). Background/ Context ‘Terrorism’ is not a new occurrence; it is a common feature of Northern Irish history due to the conflict of ‘The Troubles’ (MI5 Secret Services, 2016; Newburn, 2013; Wright, 2010). Traditional terrorism like that of the IRA (Irish Republican Army) in Northern Ireland predominantly occurred within local geographical parameters and against specific targets, it also operated in a fairly predictable nature (Morgan, 2004, Wright, 2010). In order to deal with the threat of Northern Irish terrorism, intrusive counter-terrorism measures were introduced (Mythen, 2014; Wright, 2010). These were designed to deal with domestic and localised terrorism (Morgan, 2004; Mythen, 2014; Wright, 2010). In recent years, the terrorist threat has expanded beyond local parameters (Wright, 2010). Globalisation has blurred how terrorism operates and has aided the development of a modernised terrorism (Aas, 2013). The Home Office acknowledged that terrorist threats have changed in recent years and this is expected to change further unless an efficient solution isShow MoreRelatedUnited States Women s Histories1579 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States Women s Histories AMH 2090 Final Project Essay Dana L. Shaw, Honors U.S. Women’s History: An interpretation of Theda Perdue’s â€Å"Cherokee Women Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835† University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln London, 1998 Five Points: ¬ Book Citation: Write the full citation of your book below (either MLA, Chicago, or APA). When you are writing your responses to the questions, be sure to paraphrase and use quotes sparingly. If you do quote, put the page number whereRead MoreThe Gender Construction And Distinctions Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pagestraditional roles that women played and how cultural progression affected them specifically. Cherokee women lived in a world that was disrupted by trade and war which resulted in a shifting for both male and female roles in their community. With the arrival of Europeans, the significance of trade and warfare, men became the focus of clan livelihood thereby brining about changes in the traditional matrilineal kinship structure of native lifestyles creating a profound effect on women and their statusRead MoreRoles of Men and Women1639 Words   |  7 PagesChanging roles of men and women adapting to changes in work and family life in Australia. Roles of men and women have changed in todays context, unlike the past, it was caused by cultural and sociological changes around the communities. Roles can be defined as the characteristic and expected social behavior of an individual. The aim of this essay is to investigate the changes in responsibility of men and women, adapting to changes in work and family life in Australia. This essay will focus on threeRead MoreEssay on The Changing Status of Women1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Changing Status of Women Women have played a huge role in society. Many people respect women for the simple fact that they bring life to every human that is put on earth and, without them, none of us would be here today. Although many people respect women, women believe that they have been treated unfairly in the past. I believe that women have been treated unfairly, but I also believe that women today have much better opportunities offered to them than in the past, and that women todayRead MoreWorld War One On The Changing Role Of Women933 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact of World War One on the changing role of women, effects of weaponry and trench warfare and discrimination against German and Turk Australians? World War One was a significant event in Australian society, from 1914-1918.The impact of World War One on the changing role of women, effects of weaponry and trench warfare and discrimination against German and Turk Australians.These different topics all changed Australian society in varied ways. The changing role of women in World War One has had aRead MoreFactors of Social Inequality723 Words   |  3 PagesFACTORS OF INEQUALITY IN OUR SOCIETY. Gender refers to socially constructed roles and responsibilities of women and men. The difference in roles and responsibilities among women and men stems from our families, societies and culture. The concept of gender includes our expectations about the characteristics, attitudes and behaviours of women and men, and is vital in facilitating gender analysis. The different roles, rights and resources that both the genders have in society are important determinantsRead MoreThe Roles of Women and Men in the Home Essay624 Words   |  3 PagesThe Roles of Women and Men in the Home Domestic roles which a husband and wife undertake in the house are called conjugal roles these can include childcare and housework. In the past there were clean divisions between the husbands bread-winning role and the wifes housewife/mother role. Today it can be argued that the divisions of labour within the home have become blurred and household tasks are shared. Some sociologists argue that a new man is emerging, and heRead MoreChanging Role Of Women During World War II1434 Words   |  6 PagesChanging Role of Women in World War II When Britain declared war against Germany in 1939, the Australian Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, proclaimed that Australia was also at war. The declaration of war saw Australians respond to another world conflict. On this occasion, Australia itself would be under the threat of attack. World War II would not only require young men to travel overseas and fight but it also significantly impacted the lives of Australian women. The contribution Australian womenRead MoreMedical Accounts On Women s Sexuality And Sexual Role1581 Words   |  7 PagesWomen occupy a very difficult position in society whereas no matter what they do they will always be considered or looked at as a gender who seem to have something wrong with them. It is often an ongoing factor in society that women are regularly considered to be either mental or suffering from a condition that has affected them in ways in which they act or behave. Sometimes it may not be the case that something is wrong with them it’s j ust how they are but unfortunately parts of society fail toRead MoreThe Egg And The Sperm By Emily Martin910 Words   |  4 PagesAcademic research throughout the conversation of language in science indiscreetly displays gender bias towards women, aiding the theories that Martin addresses in her article. 2. Introduction paragraph: †¢ Introduce, Emily Martin’s article The Egg and the Sperm. Martin’s main goal is to shine a light on gender stereotypes hidden in the language of biology (Martin 1). Explain the gender roles in scientific language. Three main points of the article, Gender bias is seen in an early age in science textbooks

Modernism in Literature free essay sample

The literary movement that spanned from the late 19th century until roughly 1965 is referred to as modernism. When talking about the movement there must be an understanding of the difference between modernism and the more common word â€Å"modern†. The word modern refers to what is new, recent, and updated. Although modernism does deal with the futuristic and the new, it also covers vastly more topics and themes. Modernism reaches into rebellion, struggle and harsh realities. From there it stretches into abstraction and a break from idealistic vision. Modernism is only modern in the sense that it comes from the desire of those involved to break away from the old, traditional ways of thinking and expression and to come into their current situations with a new view of reality and art. Modernism was spurred into being largely by a few events in history that shocked the masses and began to change peoples’ view of the world. Most notably, World War I caused a drastic change of mind to all involved. This historical event gave momentum to the modernist movement by putting realities in front of people that were vastly different from the serene and beautiful ideals described in romantic or Victorian literature. It was difficult to associate these works of art with the way the world had become; therefore, it was necessary to create a new way of expression. Modernist authors did not want to be confined by the traditional boundaries of literature, so they experimented in terms of style and content. The world changed and literature followed. There five major themes displayed in modernist literature. The first is a representation of inner reality. Modernist authors placed a greater emphasis on the psychological experience of the individual than on the outer realities. This caused much more focus to be placed on individual interpretation of circumstances and events. Modernist authors did not write clear-cut, chronological stories as their predecessors had. Instead, their work followed no set order or boundary, mimicking the rapidly changing thoughts we would see if we could look into the mind of another person. Modernists had the desire to express their own individual thoughts as well as to encourage others to think for themselves and define their own experiences. To this end, modernist literature is marked by a blurred distinction between the internal and the external. The second major theme in modernism is the rejection of norms. At the very core of modernism is the defiance of society’s established standards and traditions. This includes structures such as the family structure, government, religion, gender roles, socioeconomic hierarchies, and perception of different races. Modernist literature rejects the old in favor of the new, embracing a newfound freedom of thought and expression. This shows itself largely in the content of modernist literature, which is unlimited and unrestricted. Previously, literature was confined to topics of natural beauty and drama. Modernist literature spoke of every aspect of reality, putting the spotlight on the ordinary and simple rather than on the extraordinary. Coinciding closely with the second theme is the theme of the grotesque. To be grotesque means to be unpleasant or displeasing. In modernist literature, authors would take something familiar or traditional and warp it into something disturbing. By manipulating that thing, they were in a sense showing another side to a familiar story. This falls neatly in line with rejecting of the norms, as many modernist authors would use subject matter and content that had been spoken of in classical literature and turn it into something very different and unnatural. The idea was to make the reader uncomfortable with what is commonplace and to question the true goodness of what was considered ultimately good. The fourth theme is that of technology. In an effort to leap away from the past and into the future, many modernist authors were fond of writing about technology. Technology represents a new way of doing things in education, transportation, communication, commerce, and the daily activities of life. Much of the subject matter of modernist literature includes technology either as a main element of the story or as a background observation. It is sometimes used to show improvement, but more often used to represent the increasing isolation of society and the cold, mechanical nature of the world. The last theme is the theme of structure and geometry. It is partially related to technology, in that it emphasizes functionality over decoration. This theme is displayed in the authors streamlining of description and embellishment, favoring instead shortened, functional definitions. This creates a sort of unity and flow by linking events, characters, and situations in the author’s story. Along the same line with the themes of modernism are the styles used in modernist literature. Although there are many styles used in modernist literature, there are four many styles of writing that we will discuss. Firstly, the style of imagism was highly present. Imagism involves using precise, clear, and sharp language in writing, rather than over-embellishment and exaggeration. Imagism called for a return to the directness of presentation and economy of language, as well as a willingness to experiment with non-traditional views. A distinct feature of imagism is its attempt to isolate a single image and reveal its essence. This focus on concisely describing a singularity, rather than a vast topic, is a definite stylistic change from the previous romantic and Victorian literary works. Secondly, modernist literature uses very symbolic language and content. This is noticeable in the amount of metaphors used by modernist writers. In general, nothing is skin-deep in modernist writing. There is a deeper, symbolic meaning behind most characters, places, names, and other elements of the story. This was a very anti-idealist style of writing as it attempted to show life in its gritty particulars and humble realities. Symbolism takes the literature away from realism, abstracting the ugly truth from any and all situations. Those who wrote with this style believed that there were some absolute truths that could not be written about directly, choosing instead to represent these things through metaphorical and suggestive writing. They endowed images and objects with symbolic meaning in order to point the reader in the direction of the truth without saying it straight-out. It was the modernist writers’ desire to evoke a reaction or feeling from the reader, rather than merely informing them. Symbolism brought with it a freer flow in the writing of poetry. Modernist authors did not want to hinder themselves or their message by being confined to consistency of stanzas, rhyming, or any other traditionally accepted norms in poetry. They chose instead to follow whatever form and flow that would best suit their particular pieces of literature, without paying any attention to specific rules or consistency. Third on the list of styles used is vorticism. This was a style of writing that attempted to relate art to industrialization and machinery. It opposes sentimentality and promotes the mechanical and futuristic. Lastly, there is the style of expressionism. Expressionism was the tendency of modernist authors to present the world from a subjective perspective, distorting the view in order to evoke an emotional response. Although similar to symbolism, expressionism is different in that the author wished more to lead the reader to the specific personal emotions, moods, and ideas of the author instead of general feeling and emotion. This style was brought about largely by the perceived dehumanization effect of industrialization and the growth of cities. These are the styles and themes of modernism used by those who are considered the major writers of the modernist movement. This literary movement was mostly displayed in British literature. The most notable authors who wrote in the UK are T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Ezra Pound, and Gertrude Stein. T. S. Eliot was a poet who lived from 1888-1965. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, but moved to England in 1914. He is one of the major writers considered in the modernist movement, with his famous works including â€Å"The Waste Land†, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, and â€Å"The Hollow Men†. Eliot had a distinguished career in literature, and even received the Nobel Prize in literature in 1948. James Joyce was born in 1882 and died in 1941. Born in Ireland, Joyce moved to continental Europe after university and stayed abroad for most of his life. His most notable work was a book titled â€Å"Ulysses†, which is a great representation of modernism because of its stream of consciousness style of writing that reflects the individualism and rejection of norms which modernist writers are known for. Besides this novel, he is known to have written a collection of short stories titled â€Å"Dubliners† as well as another novel titled â€Å"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man†. The last major author of the modernist movement was Virginia Woolf, who lived from 1882-1941. She was born in London, and lived in England her whole life. Woolf is considered one of the major writers of the modernist movement because of the content and style of her work. She wrote many essays and stories with feminist undertones, and had strong opinions on the liberation and education of women. She was a member of the Bloomsbury Group, an intellectual society of writers in England. Some of her notable works are â€Å"To the Lighthouse†, â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway†, and â€Å"Orlando†. Among the lesser known modernist writers is Ezra Pound, who lived from 1885-1972. He was born in the US, but spent most of his life living abroad in different parts of Europe. He was a friend to T. S. Eliot, and even helped him to translate and publish some works in England. His most notable works are â€Å"Ripostes†, â€Å"Hugh Selwyn Mauberley†, and his unfinished epic â€Å"The Cantos†. Another lesser known writer is the author Gertrude Stein. Born in Pennsylvania, USA, in 1874, Stein was raised in the US. She moved to Paris in the early 1900s, where she stayed until her death in 1946. She was primarily a novelist and a poet. Some of her famous works are â€Å"Three Lives†, â€Å"Q. E. D. †, and â€Å"Tender Buttons†. MODERNIST WORKS: â€Å"THE WASTE LAND† AND â€Å"ANIMAL FARM† THE WASTE LAND T. S. Eliot’s famous poem â€Å"The Waste Land† is written in a free-form, often fragmented style. It is divided into 5 titled sections which all share a link to the common themes of death, disillusionment, barrenness, and rebirth displayed throughout the poem. Eliot portrays a vivid picture of a very hopeless post-war life, with the evidence of death and desperation everywhere. He describes the horrible circumstances that man finds himself in, and is unable to escape from. From the very beginning of the poem where Eliot describes the month of April, traditionally thought of as the best month because of the rain and new growth, as â€Å"the cruelest of months†, we can see the false hope which the poem is emphasizing. This all comes from the post World War I mentality and shock that existed in the time the poem was written. Many people in that time believed that the world would become better after the war, whereas Eliot’s Waste Land contradicts this common viewpoint by presenting this to be a false and shallow hope. The mood of the poem is very gloomy, shown by the various gloomy scenes depicted as well as the constant search for answers by the persona. As well, the persona speaks with a very resigned tone, as if surrendering to the realities and problems of the world. Although the poem has consistent themes, it is set in many different places of which there is no connection or consistency throughout the different sections. The settings vary from a fancy room, to a bridge in London, to the banks of the Thames River, even to an unnamed desert place. Each setting serves the purpose of the section in which it is written, and paints a very good picture for the reader of the circumstances Eliot is writing about. The first section, Burial of the Dead, talks of high hopes of the rebirth of the world after the war, but overshadows this with the futility of the new life and the hopelessness of the efforts. This is shown in Eliot’s emphasis on the death which a false hope of life must grow out of, shown specifically in lines 1, 2, and 7. The second section, A Game of Chess, speaks about the perversion of humanity and the degrading social and moral values of society. It starts out by describing a beautiful scene, but as soon as the characters are introduced we encounter sadness of all types. The first character spoken of is Philomel, a woman who is a victim of rape. This illustrates the crisis of perversion of human sexuality. The second is Lil, a married woman who chooses to abort her sixth child. This is demonstrating to the reader how societal values are changing for the worse. In the third section, The Fire Sermon, we are first given a description of a natural scene and environment. Contrary to romantic literature, which viewed nature as spiritual and beautiful, this description that Eliot writes gives us the impression that there is nothing pleasing or significant about this nature. It depicts the barrenness of the post-war world, where there was a break from old ways of thinking. The fourth section, Death by Water, shows death as an unavoidable end for all. This observation shows a large amount of hopelessness and gives the idea that death will reach all, as well as the impression that after death people will not remember the dead for long. The fifth and final section, What the Thunder Said, gives the reader a description of the expectations of humanity after the war, without giving a negative or positive opinion of them. This poem can be shown to have stylistic elements such as the use of metaphors, descriptive language, Biblical allusions, satire, and symbolism. The language used to write The Waste Land is very dense, and full of metaphorical reference, although sometimes very vague references. For example the third stanza in the first section speaks entirely about the clairvoyant, known as Madame Sosostris, and her deck of Tarot cards. And again, the fourth section refers back to this same reference, using the Phoenician Sailor character once more as a metaphor. Eliot uses very descriptive language to give the reader a vivid mental picture of the barrenness of this world he is describing. In the first section the poem’s persona talks of the â€Å"dull roots† (line 4), the â€Å"red rock† (line 25), and â€Å"where the sun beats† (line 22), to show how the scorching sun has made the land dry and difficult. All of this is used to illustrate the effect that the harsh conditions have caused to the human race. There are frequent Biblical allusions in The Waste Land, such as in line 20 where the persona is speaking to the Son of Man and in the last stanza of the third section where the language used speaks to the Lord in terms that sound like a Psalm from the Bible. Satire is shown throughout the poem as well, but is particularly evident in lines 70-77, where the persona mocks the body of a buried corpse, speaking about it as if it were a seed that would sprout up in the springtime. He then refers to Webster’s White Devil in lines 74-75 when he cautions the characters to â€Å"keep the Dog far hence, that’s friend to men, or with his nails he’ll dig it [the corpse] up again. † Lastly, Eliot uses highly symbolic language, even in the title The Waste Land which can be said to reflect the pessimistic, desperate state of the world at that time. Another example is the description of the city of London in line 62 as the â€Å"unreal city†, and later in line 65 it is said that â€Å"I had not thought death had undone so many. † This is symbolic of the state of mind post-war. ANIMAL FARM Eric Blair, whose pen name was George Orwell, was born in India in 1903 and died in 1950. His family moved to England while he was still at a young age, and he stayed there afterwards, with some short stints abroad for various jobs. He is most noted as a novelist, with his most famous novel being Animal Farm. The story in Animal Farm is largely played out by personified animal characters. Set on a farm in England, Orwell describes a cruel master, Mr. Jones, the human owner of the farm. The animals, inspired by a speech from the wise pig Old Major, incite a rebellion and manage to overthrow the Jones family. Two pigs take over leadership of the farm, Snowball and Napoleon. In the beginning there is harmony and all are working towards the greater good of the farm. The animals destroy all objects like whips and harnesses that represent the tyranny of human rule, better rations are given to all, and the farm is more productive than ever before. The pigs, being the most intelligent animals, take on leadership and supervisory roles over the rest of the animals. They create the seven laws of animalism to unite the farm. The harmony does not last for long, as the leaders begin to disagree on the best way to run the farm. Napoleon, who has secretly trained attack dogs, drives Snowball out of the farm and assumes an ultimate leadership position. Under his leadership, the slow evolution from equality to inequality begins. It starts with extra rations and easier work being given to the pigs, and ends with the pigs living exactly as the Jones family used to. By this time, the farm and all the animals on it are worse off than they were before the rebellion, but it is hard for them to see it because there is a lingering sense of commitment to the farm that they all own. The book Animal Farm was written to parallel the Soviet Union. It is written as satire, and bases its characters off of real historical figures from Soviet Russia. It is considered a modernist work mainly because of its individualism and experimentation. Orwell experimented in the sense that this work was not only written as a fairy tale, an unpopular style of writing at the time, but was also based on personified animal characters, which was almost unheard of. This novel focuses on the individual reader developing his own opinion, his own truth, about the issues displayed. While Orwell certainly does not paint a pleasant picture in the story, he never refers to anything as inherently good or bad, and therefore allows the reader to decide for themselves whether it is so. This goes along with the grotesque theme of modernism. Some of the major themes displayed in the novel are those of utopia, propaganda, and the eventual corruption of power. Utopia is alluded to throughout the novel, as all the animals are made to believe their work is towards a greater good for all. In the beginning this utopia is shown in the light of hopefulness, but by the end of the book it is seen as a vague promise that the characters have very little reason to trust in. The theme of propaganda is shown largely by the pig character named Squealer. He has a unique talent for twisting words and arguments so as to convince the animals that if they disagree with him they disagree with the ideals of animalism and the greater good. He is said to be able â€Å"to turn black into white† (page 36). Finally, the corruption of power is shown by the subtle things which the pigs do to further their own agendas rather than contributing to the good of all. The pigs use their place of authority as a reason for their needs to be considered more highly. They start out by requiring extra rations, which leads to them requiring their own space to work and rest in the farmer’s house, and eventually leads to them enjoying alcohol and clothing to the point that they are indistinguishable from the cruel human masters. From the beginning of Napoleon’s rule, he tricks the other animals by making small changes to the rules and creating stories that will cause greater loyalty to him. He shows himself as the great leader who makes immense sacrifices to bear the burden of leadership, when in reality he is a dictator who is enjoying the benefits of the animals’ labor without contributing to their efforts. He makes the others work for his good and the good of the other pigs while disguising it with clever excuses and false intentions. By the end of the book Napoleon is crueler than Mr. Jones ever was, but has fooled the animals into believing they are working for their own good.

Man And Society Essays - Civilizations, Sumer, Thomas Hobbes

Man And Society In this paper I will try to explain the puzzle of whether individuals are products of society or society is a product of individuals. I believe that in general, and in the beginning, the answer to this question, is that society is a human product. I will start by presenting early man, the hunter and gatherer as an early form of society, but lacking critical qualities of a society. Then I will continue to support my theory by analyzing the beginning of known society some three and one half thousands years ago. I will present the individual as creation of society, or more precisely, an ongoing social recursive conditioning. I will also present society as creation of individuals. Finally, I will conclude my paper with some thoughts on the paradox of who is the product and who is the producer of the individual and society. EARLY MAN According to Charles Darwin, man developed from the ape. Darwin's theory of evolution appears to be unsupported though, because for thousands of years these apes have been there, but none of them have developed into human beings nor did Darwin ever find the missing link. Although unproved, there must be a process of evolution. And if there was evolutionary process, a few of the steps in-between still must be missing. Since man is not asexual, man did not, and could not, survive or prosper by himself. Early man grouped together with other hunters and gathers to form a family which brought order, direction, and stability to his life. According to Rousseau, ?the earliest and only natural societies are families (Primis 192).? The point here is that the individuals choose to become a part of something larger than the individual. But if Rousseau is correct, there was a time when the individual gave up certain freedoms to find security within a group. This is contra to Thomas Hobbes view. It was not until significant scientific advances in the nineteenth century that the view of this seventeenth century philosopher Hobbes has his views rejected. Hobbes stated that the life of early man was solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. Hobbes thought that early man was scarcely even human and a club-wielding savage. At either rate, early man lacked the qualities that were considered by John Locke as necessary to begin a society even though it is believed that groups and families existed. Society as Product of Individuals Some three and one half thousands years ago a group of individuals gathered their resources together to form the first civilization named Sumer. The people that lived there were called Sumerians. The Sumerians began as a primitive race stemming from the hunters and gatherers who came to the area known as southern Mesopotamia to form the first permanent human settlement. By the end of their occupation in Mesopotamia, they had created the beginnings of society as we know it today. It has been said by the locals that this place is the fabled Garden of Eden and also according to tradition, Eden existed in the marshes of this fertile land that is today known as Iraq today. The lands of Sumer were fertile and in close relationship to two major rivers which are known as the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers today. The fertile lands were feed by the rivers and allowed the settlers to stop the migratory habits of their predecessors or early man. The constant migration of early man had prevented any real education to exist as they were always on the move in search of food and shelter. Early man was only concerned with survival, which meant that they did not have the leisure time to give thought to the development of academia. The Sumerians, which found the development of agriculture an easy task in this land, found that they had time to develop culture and devote time to academic studies. The Sumerians conceived and began development of mathematics, reading, writing skills and the written text on cunieform tablets, the wheel and agricultural technology, which are heavily relied upon in today's society. By 3,000 BC, the written script of the Sumerians had evolved into a full syllabic alphabet. The Sumerian's gift of writing made possible for the recording

Holistic Marketing free essay sample

Holistic marketing is a concept which is used to describe marketing efforts as a whole, which finally helps you to make an overall Holistic Marketing plan. New trends have forced the new generation marketers to follow new sets of beliefs and practices. They recognize the need to have a plan which is more complete, cohesive and broad. The plan that goes beyond the traditional way of doing marketing ( Kotler, Lane, Koshy, Jha 21). Before most of the marketers used to believe that if any product is widely available and less in cost that product will sell good. So the managers of the above mentioned organizations used to focus on cost effective production on goods and massive distribution. But this concept of marketing is already outdated now. In the market of today the customer has become more educated. He knows the product and specifications he is looking for. Due to the rapid growth of internet now the customer steps into the shop with a complete knowledge of what he is about to buy. We will write a custom essay sample on Holistic Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So now the marketers are forced to apply and consider holistic marketing approach in order to achieve their marketing goals and objectives. Four concepts of holistic marketing are Relationship marketing, Integrated marketing, Internal marketing and Performance marketing. Relationship marketing is the one in which emphasis is laid on developing deep and endorsing relationship with the people or organization that might affect the success of the company. Maintaining a pleasant relationship with your distributors can be an example of relationship marketing. Another concept of holistic marketing is integrated marketing. In Integrated marketing a marketer should have a deep thinking that he can maximize the effect of marketing if all the activities of marketing are integrated. For example if the right product is supplied to the right market with very competitive price the movement of that product will be good instead if the same product is supplied to the market where the need of that product is almost negligible. So uniting all the marketing activities to boost up the marketing efforts is integrated marketing. Third concept of holistic marketing is internal marketing. According to this concept everybody within the organization should accept the goal of the organization as a goal of its own. The employees of the organization should be sincere towards achieving the goal and objectives. Hiring, training and motivating able employees who are really looking forward to serve the company is one of the key role of internal marketing. Forth concept of holistic marketing is performance marketing. In this concept of marketing a broader view of marketing efforts are taken into account. The organization must be doing his marketing activities keeping into account the ethical, legal and social impact of their marketing activities.

Five Misleading Names

Five Misleading Names Five Misleading Names Five Misleading Names By Maeve Maddox For most people, the word greyhound probably triggers the idea of a skinny gray dog, while the word nightmare conjures up the image of a horse galloping through the night. Here are five words whose names suggest meanings that arent there. catgut: The dried and twisted intestines of sheep, also of the horse and ass; used for the strings of musical instruments; also as bands in lathes, clocks, etc. The word in English probably originated as kitgut, from kit, small fiddle used by dancing teachers. This kit probably derives from OE cythere, from Latin cithara, from Greek kithara. The OED notes that the Dutch word kattedarm does mean guts or intestines of the cat, but adds that theres no evidence that catgut was ever used for the purpose of stringing a musical instrument. greyhound: A variety of dog used in the chase, characterized by its long slender body, and long legs, by the keenness of its sight, and by its great speed in running. Old English had the word grighund. Hund, of course, meant dog. The grig part comes from an Old Norse word for bitch. nightmare: Now usually: a bad dream producing feelings of distress. Originally (usu. with the): a feeling of suffocation or great distress experienced during sleep. A nightmare was a female spirit or monster supposed to settle on and produce a feeling of suffocation in a sleeping person or animal. This kind of mare has cognates in several languages. Its the mar in French cauchemar (nightmare), and is related to Irish morrigain, queen of the elves. It is not related to the mare that means female horse. mustard gas: A colorless oily liquid whose vapor is a powerful irritant and vesicant acting directly on the skin, used in chemical warfare, originally at Ypres during the First World War (1914-18). Mustard gas isnt made from mustard, and its not a gas. It was yellow and those unfortunate enough to get a whiff of it thought it resembled the smell of mustard, garlic, or horseradish. Its an atomized liquid. heartburn: An uneasy burning sensation in the lower part of the chest, due to putrefactive fermentation of the food in the stomach Greek kardia could mean both heart and stomach. Greek kardiakos meant pertaining to the heart. Latin cardiacus could mean pertaining to the stomach. The term heartburn arose from confusion between the areas of heart and stomach. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About NumbersUse a Dash for Number RangesDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

Hospital Human Resource Department Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hospital Human Resource Department - Assignment Example The paper will have an overall view of the human resource department in a community hospital. Hospital organization hierarchy and structure An organization hierarchy is a form of organizational structure in which every entity apart from one is subordinate to the other. This means that the subordinate departments and sections report to one another within the hierarchy. This ensures that there is a chain of command flowing from the top. The human resource department in community hospital has a hierarchy in which the chain of command flows from the human resource manager. The human resource manager is at the top of the hierarchy given that he/she is the senior most person in the department. He/she oversees the relationship between staff and the organization and establishes the human resources vision. Subordinate to the HR manager are the employee relations manager, compensation and benefits manager and training manager. The training and development manager handles all issues related to recruitment, placements, and selection. Within the same hierarchy exists the employee relations manager who handles matters related to employee grievances and safety issues. The compensation and benefits manager handles issues related to workers’ remuneration, allowances, and incentives. The hierarchy is as shown in the chart below. Fig 1: A chart of Human Resource department’s organizational hierarchy and structure Basic responsibilities of the Hospital HR department The hospital’s human resource department is charged with the responsibility formulating human resource policies, and recruiting and employing staff, training, establishing workers’ remuneration packages and solving any problems related to staffing. This ensures that the hospital meets its personnel requirements and its missions. When formulating new HR policies, the department considers several factors both internal and external to the organization The human resource department ensures that the hospital maintains adequate staff so that no shortage is experienced in the same respect. Staff shortage may affect the hospital grossly to an extent of putting the lives of patients at risk. In so far as staffing is concerned, the department is charged with the responsibilities of recruiting, selecting, and training the employees. The department also offers placement opportunities to trainees and promotion to those staff members that have contributed a lot to the hospital after evaluating the employees (Goyal, 2005). The human resource department of the community hospital ensures that favorable relations exist between employees and managers. It does this by organizing training programs, meetings, and workshops. This has proved beneficial in the hospital as it makes employees feel that they are valued in the hospital and that their contributions in the organization are recognized. The human resource department also ensures that employee’s morale is boosted. This it does b y developing and revising incentive schemes depending on the prevailing situation and considering various factors. The human resource department also ensures that proper procedures and policies are in place for handling employees’ grievances. This goes a long way in avoiding industrial actions including strikes, go slows and litigations as noted by Goyal (2005). Type of department The hospital has a centralized human resource department considering that most of the major decisions are made by the managers. All policies and major decisions a